The Dj Essay free essay sample

The DC About fifteen years ago a culture was born. In Europe a new type of music was being created. Something new, something fresh. A music fueled by throbbing beats over rattling bass. This is electronic music. The mastermind behind this whole up and coming culture was and is the DC. In the past five years have become more and more popular everyday. Some people who are not aware of this music or this culture might argue that being a DC Is not a serious profession for various reasons. Throughout this paper I will prove these notions false.As support I will provide the history of the DC, hat exactly it is, insight from various Dos and much more. It all began about fifteen years ago. In towns In Europe people started throwing secret parties, small parties more of a social event to party and have fun. At these parties there would Dos spinning early electronic sounds and dancing. Not too long after that word started to spread and more and more people wanted to party. So the people throwing these parties sought out bigger places to have these parties that could accommodate more people.It grew so fast that secret Information phone lines were created to prevent problems with the authorities. Over the next few years more and more people grew to love these parties for the music and the overall atmosphere. Also more and more electronic artists started to surface. As popular as these events were the truth Is without the DC none of It would have been possible. In the early nineties this growing underground movement started to form slowly In the united States and other countries. These parties soon took on the name of raves.In Europe these raves grew constantly. Soon there were raves being thrown with five to ten thousand people In attendance. Soon thereafter we started to see not only the Roth of a music and culture but also a new Industry. There started to be more and more electronic artists surfacing everyday. The technology increased very fast every year more new equipment allowed new creative boundaries to be broken. Soon the DC slowly started to become more of the focal point of these raves. Dos started to be the attractions of these raves Instead of Just a place to have fun.The ADS started to make names for themselves along with this came different styles of Digging. One of the first styles of electronic music created was house music. This music quickly moved onto nightclubs and raves. Soon thereafter many different styles of electronic music were born. Such as, break beat, drum and bass, hard house, trance, progressive trance, big beat, and happy hardcore(www. Clearance. Com). Dos started to specialize in certain types of electronic music. Some started to consider themselves not Just as Dos but also artists.The music became more about expression and unity. In a recent documentary drum and bass artist Iron Size says(Better Living Through Circuitry) When I step behind the tables at a party Its more than Just playing tracks for a group f people. Its like my goal to take these people to a place they have not been before. 1 OFF all into a new place together. Its an art form! As you can see by this statement these Dos take their Jobs seriously. Soon Dos started to not only put out many mix cads but also they started producing their own tracks.I think that this was a great breakthrough in this type of music. Over the past few years some of the best electronic albums put out have been by Dos. Dos soon started to go on their own tours, playing venues that rock bands play at. They were not only playing at these ensues but also selling them out at the same time. Perfect evidence of this comes from a book The Ambient Century, Dance music exploded into a phenomenon that seemed to have no end. As the music mutated, new forms were thrown up by the year.Ambient House and Ambient Techno were mind blaming responses to the intensity of the club culture. Trip-hop and Drum and Bass were UK black variations of what was originally an innovation by black Americans. Rock music absorbed House and Techno, and Dos and electronics began to tour and act like rock stars. As one entry tipped into another, dance music was still a primary source of interest and creativity as Trance, a futuristic blend of technology and House and Techno, became a chart-topping, globe girdling sensation( Preponderates pig 367). Another great more specific example of this is Paul Gentlefolk as written in Last night a DC saved my life, When Paul Gentlefolk plays records in a club, every person on the dance floor will be facing him. Just like theyd face a rock band on a stage. Theres not much to see: a baseball cap maybe, a studious face leaning into a pair of headphones, some animal arm movements as he slides in another flawless mix.Occasionally he might throw his hands up in excitement, smile out in response to a particularly grand track, or share a wink with some energetic fan, and when he does, therell be a sea of hands aloft, a breakout of waving and grinning, an ocean of smiling dancers mirroring his every gesture. For he is a superstar( Brewster pig 384). Along with these tours came annual festivals. Huge festivals every year with sometimes over a hundred thousand people in attendance. Some of these are Love Parade and Gatecrasher( www. Leveraged. Com)( www. Gatecrasher. Mom). Just like any music industry this one soon started having conventions.The biggest one is the Winter Music Conference( www. Woman. Com). This usually includes anybody and everybody in electronic music. A three day long festival including a showcase of the new gear and equipment and the best talent in the music performing. In Europe now Dos are becoming bigger than rock stars. They walk down the street and people flock. Dos like this are Potboy Slim, Paul Gentlefolk, Carl Cox and John Deigned( www. Yahoo. Com). So now that you have a brief background on the history of Dos you might wonder what efferent types of Jobs are available out there for Dos.Well first of all there is the kind of Digging I have been mainly focusing on that is the rave D]. There are also many opportunities for work these days in night clubs all over the world. The night club industry now is becoming a very large industry. Some are saying even more so that the days of Studio Fifty-Four. Also there are a lot of Jobs as mobile Dos. These Dos usually work for a company. These companies do parties, weddings, and all sorts of special events. On a cruise I went on last summer I met a mobile DC that works out of Houston. He said, Even though I have a degree in D].I can pull in 60,000 to 70,000 a year if I work hard. This alone shows how in need the world is of Dos. So now that you have a good idea of the history of Dos and what Jobs are available you might be wondering what it takes to be a good DC. Well this question all depends on whom you ask. So I have collaborated different idea of what a good DC is. First of all a good DC has to know the music he is spinning. Not only does he have to know it like the back of his hand but also they have to have a love for the music. Without the eve and passion for this Job then it changes from an art form to Just playing music.A good DC has to have knowledge of the crowd and how to work them into frenzy. Many different little skills are all combined together to make a great DC. DC Tony Humphreys who has worked professionally since 1977 and has been a major influence on his peers in New York City, speaks from an underground perspective on a good D]: Dos have to understand the concept of programming. How to break a record. How to play with records, repeat intros, lengthen breaks, endings. .. There is an art to reclaiming your set.. .. The DC who plays all his hottest records in a row is not doing his Job right.You cant play all your best material all at once because you want to save some of it for later in the evening. The DC does not into that power record the same way the crowd does. You are supposed to be separate from the crowd. Youre supposed to be into exposing them to new material. So, what you do is play a track, followed by something new and then you back it up with something they know and like. Its like a train ride. The crowd becomes trustworthy that you will come back with meeting they like. Its the fifteen-minute game. About every third song, you give them a well known song.After one hour, the crowd has been exposed to ten new records. That way, you please yourself and the crowd. Larry Eleven was great at this. The most important thing to remember is that musical content, how you program, is more important than actual mixing skills sometimes( Efficiencies pop). As you can see there are many different things that a DC has to know. Another view of a good DC was taken from a book called Last night a DC saved my life, At its most basic Digging is he act of presenting a series of records for an audiences enjoyment.So at the simplest level a DC is a presenter. This is what radio Dos do, they introduce music. However the club DC has largely abandoned this role for something more musically creative. To become a good DC you have to develop the hunger. You have to search for new records with the insane zeal of a gold rush prospector digging in a blizzard. The essence of the Dos craft is selecting which records to play and in what order. A great DC should be able to move a crowd on the most primitive equipment.More than anything else, its how sensitively a DC can interact with a crowd. A good DC isnt Just stringing records together, hes controlling the relationship between some music and hundreds of people. A good DC is always looking at the crowd, seeing what they like, seeing whether its working or not; communicating with them, smiling at them. And a bad DC is always looking down at the decks and Just doing whatever they practiced in their bedroom( Brewster pig 9). As you can see its not as easy as it might first appear a lot of time and dedication to gain the knowledge.

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities System. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this essay is to provide a brief overview about the social perspectives related to the social determinants of health. Social perspectives of health refer to condition under that the people in a community are born, grown and live etc. It refers to the circumstances that are shaped for people living in the society by the way of circulation of income, control, and resources at global as well as local levels. This process mainly explains about the health inequalities which is the unfair and unavoidable different in health. These are also linked to the economy and the social conditions present in the environment. There is difference in health status of different people that creates an impact on their wellbeing as well. The social determinants should support the health of people in the society so as to bring equality in the society (Ferrer, 2018). Further, the below mentioned essay provides a brief explains of the two sociological theories that explains social determinants o f health and their comparison with the medical model of health. The conflict theory explains about the economic and political structures present in the society that creates social division, inequality and conflicts. The conflict theory is a perspective of the social, material or political inequality of a group that affects the wellness and ideology of a person present in the society. In the traditional times, sociologists argues on conflict theory that the society and the economy creates social divisions and class that produce conflicts and then reproduce them as well. Some theories explain that the conflict theory ideological thought of people but it is now believed that this theory is not based on the peace and conflicts studies of society (Rubin, 2016). Further, the conflict theory is somewhat related to the theory defined by Karl Marx. Marx explained that the conflict theory mainly relates to the Marxism; this aspect suggested that capitalism (socio-economic system which includes the private ownership of resources) like the other socioeconomic system creates a predictable tension under a person which leads to self-destruction. Further, Marx also explained a radical change and revolution in the society which explained the freedom from ruling classes in the society. Further, he also explained the ways in which the society was shaped; the community in which people live is suppressed by the capitalist people who initiate all the operations and decisions in the community (Pacquiao, 2016). Relating it to the private property right, just as people see that the property that they hold is now going to be forwarded to their children which is a natural process, so many people present in the capitalist society believes that a rich person has e arned reputation in the society by working hard and educating themselves properly, while the poor people are lacking skills and caliber. After looking this type of assumption, Marx rejected the prevailing culture and thinking of people. As, the traditional thinking of people explained the social problems as the shortcoming of personalities not the defects in the society (Smith, 2016). If a person in the society is unable to attain good health or proper education then it is not their fault, nor they inherited it from their ancestors but it is the issues present in the society that are stopping them from growth. Under this theory, the practitioner Marx wanted create differentiation in the society by creating class consciousness under which people believe that all of them are unified and they cannot be differentiated as per capitalist society. The main aim of this theory was to rise upon in contradiction of the capitalist society and overthrow it from the society in which they live. Tw o other theorists also explained their views on the conflict theory namely the American sociologist and paleontologist Lester F. Ward (18411913) and Polish-Austrian sociologist political theorist Ludwig Gumplowicz and (18381909). Both of the people developed their view of the theories independently but their thinking was mostly common and correct approach for the society. They focused on the anthropological and evolutionary aspects not just the economic point of view (Garg, Boynton-Jarrett, Dworkin, 2016). Wright Mills is viewed as a founder of modern conflict theory, according to him social structure is created by conflicts between people having different opinions and resources in the society. And in turn the resources and individual are influenced by the social structure. So, this activity happens in a circular motion where both aspects are dependent on each other. Do, it should be noted, that no actions should be taken in the society that increase the destruction and conflicts. The Marxism theory is associated with this case but it is not dependent on a single status (Strauss, 2017). Another approach that is related to the social determinants of health is the symbolic interactionism approach. Under this approach, the main emphasis is laid on the health and as a social construction. This states that various corporal and psychological conditions do not have objective reality but they are measured to be healthy or ill only when they are exclaimed by the society and its people. The symptoms stated by people define their illness or wellness. Thus, it should be noted that health and illness are socially constructed by people; it depends upon their actions and activities that shows and determines their state of health. People suffering from hyperactive disorder tend to explain their problem in more elaborative ways which makes people think that they are suffering from major issues and it is also declared by them. The symbolic interactionists believe that objects attain their identity only through the interaction initiated between people that bring output to things (Baum , 2016). Further, it should be noted that under this theory the interactionists mainly works on the ways to find out the causes to illness in a person. The medical term medicalization of deviance refers to the state of a person when bad behavior changes into sick behavior and demedicalization refers to the process under which sick actions is standardized again. Medicalization and demedicalization affect who replies to the patient, how people answer to patients and how people see the person accountability of a patient (Barker, Quennerstedt, Annerstedt, 2015). Relating it to an example it should be noted that in earlier times, people who used to drink a lot were categorized as bad and lazy people and they proclaimed as drunks. But now in the current era, this habit of excessively drinking is found in most of the people which are now defined as a disease or a hereditary tendency to addiction (Denzin, 2017). Further, by understanding alcoholism as a disease but not as personal wish, the fact app eared to be more understanding. Thus, in this way badness was transformed into illness. Lastly, it should also be noted that as interactionism is subjective to the behavior of people, so when the activities are defined as illness then the pharmacological corporations make money by treating such illness which are not even illness (Nicholls, et. al., 2016). Relating the above two models with the medical model of health, it should be noted that both the aspects and their models have different approaches to rectify the wellness and wellbeing of people present in the society. Under the medical model of health, it is believed that illness of a person can only be treated through medication; there are no other ways to treat a person. Drugs and medicines are important for the patients as they only will cure the diseases of the person. Also, it should be noted that this model does not looks for the cause of the issues like social model instead they only believes in curing the disease through bio-medical ways (Charkazi, et. al., 2014). Contradicting to this, the social models explained above (conflict and symbolic) focus on cause and the ways that define the problem of illness of a person. These model states that there are many other reasons apart from the medical issues that can cause illness in a person like economies present in the environmen t, poverty, personal opinions etc. Further, under the medical model, the doctor examines the health of patient and provides them drugs accordingly they do not look for the cause of the disease. For instance, if a person is suffering from the problem of insomniac, this is not an actual problem but there can be various reasons due to which a person is unable to sleep like tension, stress etc. So, under the medical model the doctor will provide sleeping pills to the patient so that they can sleep properly but under the social model the symbolic interactionists model will determine the case and reason due to which the person is feeling insomniac and cure them accordingly (Mackelprang, Salsgiver, 2016). Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events it should be noted that all the models have their different use and significance at different place. Some cases can treated through social model while other requires medical attention. So, the above mentioned essay explains the difference in these models. References Barker, D., Quennerstedt, M., Annerstedt, C. (2015). Learning through group work in physical education: A symbolic interactionist approach.Sport, Education and Society,20(5), 604-623. Baum, F. (2016).The new public health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press. Charkazi, A., Fazli, L., Alizadeh, F., Fazelnia, A., Bakhsha, F. (2014). Regular physical activity based on transtheoretical model among Health and Paramedic Schools of Golestan University of Medical Sciences.Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion,1(4), 57-68. Denzin, N. K. (2017).The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. Routledge. Ferrer, R. L. (2018). Social Determinants of Health. InChronic Illness Care(pp. 435-449). Springer, Cham. Garg, A., Boynton-Jarrett, R., Dworkin, P. H. (2016). Avoiding the unintended consequences of screening for social determinants of health.Jama,316(8), 813-814. Mackelprang, R. W., Salsgiver, R. (2016).Disability: A diversity model approach in human service practice. Oxford University Press. Nicholls, D. A., Atkinson, K., Bjorbkmo, W. S., Gibson, B. E., Latchem, J., Olesen, J., ... Setchell, J. (2016). Connectivity: An emerging concept for physiotherapy practice.Physiotherapy theory and practice,32(3), 159-170. Pacquiao, D. F. (2016). Social Determinants of Health.Global Health Care: Issues and Policies, 159. Rubin, I. L. (2016). Social Determinants of Health. InHealth Care for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities across the Lifespan(pp. 1919-1932). Springer, Cham. Smith, I. H. (2016). From Cultivation to Consumption: Linking Urban Agriculture, Nutritional Sciences, Environmental Sciences, and Telehealth to Food Deserts and the Social Determinants of Health.Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences,5(1), 20-24. Strauss, A. L. (2017).Psychological modeling: Conflicting theories. Routledge.

Indias Economic Reforms Essay Example

Indias Economic Reforms Essay Why Did Economic Reforms become necessary in India? What were the results of economic reforms? India’s economy, which had been one of the largest in the world till about three hundred years ago, had steadily deteriorated during the period of British Rule which lasted till 1947. The agricultural sector suffered the most which resulted in famines and extreme poverty. The yield per acre was low and there was a persistent threat of drought and flood. There was no efficient irrigation facility. The food production was stagnant or was falling. There was no industry to manufacture goods and only the textile industry faced the industry manufactured goods from Britain. GDP growth was almost zero. In 1947, after independence Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, highly impressed with the Soviet Model of economic development, added elements of this model into the Mixed Economy model which was to be introduced in India. This included centralised planning. The Socialist Model advocated government intervention to guide the economy, including state ownership of key industries. The objective of this strategy was to achieve high and balanced economic development while introducing programs and measures to help the poor. The belief was that industrialisation was the key to economic development. As there were few entrepreneurs capable of bringing in large scale industrialisation and hence introducing a market economy would not be feasible, it was decided that the government would take the initiative to in this regard. Hence it was believed that the Soviet model would be the ideal one to adopt in this regard. We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Economic Reforms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Economic Reforms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Economic Reforms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nehru was also influenced by Socialist thinkers like P C Mahalanobis. Hence this model is also known as Nehruvian Mahalanobis model. It was this model that India followed for several years up to the 1970s. Economic growth till the 1980s was very low if not negligible. During the period from 1950 to 1970s it is believed that there was a near stagnation of economic growth as a result of the Nehruvian economic model. But a closer look reveals that there was increase in GDP growth over each decade though quite low. There was not mush improvement in the agricultural sector till the late 1960s. The Soviet model carried the criticism that industrial development is at the cost of agriculture. The agricultural sector’s performance during this period indicated that there may be some truth in this statement. If the green revolution had not taken place, India would have faced a grave crisis in the 1970s. In India, between 1950 and 1990, the proportion GDP contributed by agriculture declined significantly but not the population depending on it. The formation of Planning Commission in 1950 and the five year plans, gave greater importance to agricultural growth and the agricultural sector gained in prominence. In the 1960s, improved agricultural practices, better seeds and use of fertilizer, soil and water conservation, land development, land consolidation, agricultural credit and marketing and price incentive resulted in improved agricultural productivity and it is the reason why India enjoys relative food security today. Till then growth in the agricultural sector was negligible. There were internal contradictions. India had needed rapid industrialisation along with supporting the poor. Rapid industrialisation required a shift of resources from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector. 0 percent of the population were depended on agriculture and lived in the countryside hence supporting them required directing of resources to the rural economy. It also required government support for smaller labour-intensive farms at the expense of larger capital-intensive industries. Small scale units attracted government support and here the goal was to increase employment since they employed m ore workers per unit of output and capital. This resulted in discouraging economies of scale and encouraging high cost production. Hence India ended up having inefficient small scale industries and monopolistic large scale industries. India had one of the most protected economies in Asia and fortified it with policies such as import substitution, high tariff rates, import duties etc. The private sector produced most consumer goods but was controlled directly by several government regulations and financial institutions that provided major financing for large private-sector projects. Government emphasized self-sufficiency rather than foreign trade and imposed strict controls on imports and exports. In the 1950s, there was steady economic growth, but growth in the 1960s and 1970s were less encouraging. Hence people were forced to pay larger prices for consumer goods. There was a slowdown in the 1970s particularly due to the deceleration of the agricultural growth followed by a recovery in the 1980s. This pick-up was benefitted from the initiation of limited economic reforms introduced in the 1980s aimed at increasing the domestic competitiveness. There was high rate of industrial growth as result of the new policies which encouraged industry growth rate hence was higher and about 5. 5%. But when compared to China which introduced economic reforms as early as in 1978, India’s growth rate was low. India’s private industry started depending on short term loan from foreign agencies for their long term projects. They were encouraged by the new policies of the government. These loans had a maturity period averaging about 5 years. India’s foreign exchange reserves were not very high. Since 1985 there was Balance Of Payment (BOP) problems and by the end of 1990, India was in a serious economic crisis. In the year 1991, towards the middle of the year, India’s exchange rate was subjected to a severe adjustment. This event began with a slide in the value of the rupee leading up to the middle of the year 1991. The authorities at the Reserve Bank of India slowed the decline in value by expending foreign exchange reserves. With reserves nearly depleted, however, the exchange rate was devalued sharply on July 1 and July 3 against major foreign currencies. There was a huge demand on India’s foreign exchange reserves due to the maturity of international loans. Also precipitated by the gulf war India’s oil import bill swelled, the exports went down, credit dried up and investors pulled out their money. Over time, fiscal deficits had a spill over effect on trade deficit resulting in an external payments crisis. Add to this the collapse of the Soviet Union and the new Russian state under Boris Yeltsin started demanding repayment of all the loans. Since the fiscal deficit was met by borrowings, internal debt of the government accumulated rapidly reaching 53% of GDP at the end of 1990-91. Foreign exchange reserves had dried up. By the end of 1990, India was facing a grave economic crisis. The government had to secure an emergency loan of $2. 2 billion from the IMF by pledging 67 tons of Indias gold reserves as collateral. This helped tide over the crisis and also provided the stimulus for India’s economic reforms. Introduction of economic reforms and its impact In 1991, the new administration led by Narasimha Rao came to power . Dr. Manmohan Singh was appointed as finance minister. Dr. Singh (who is now the prime minister) unveiled a comprehensive program of economic reforms, which includes: * Recognizing the importance of the private sector as a leading engine of growth. * Greater reliance on market forces and competition as the primary means of increasing efficiency. * Opening the economy to international trade, foreign investment, and foreign technology. Economic reforms meant many things. It meant the lowering most tariff and non-tariff barriers to promote the trade of goods and services; it meant liberalizing many legal procedures related to investment, corporate taxation, trade, commercial banking, stock market activity and most importantly the recruitment and layoff of labour; it meant the disinvestment of public assets like public sector units; it meant paying special attention to the balancing of the budget or at least making some serious efforts at reducing the government budget deficit; it meant the gradual entry of foreign capital into the Indian economy (both as FDI as well as portfolio investment); it meant a gradual retreat of the government from the provision of social services like health and education and also meant the simultaneous encouragement of private capital to enter into these areas and many more similar changes. Growth (%) With economic reforms being introduced, economic growth accelerated. The economic reforms have put emphasis on the open mark et economic policies. The reform process has had some very beneficial effects on the Indian economy, including higher growth rates, lower inflation, and significant increases in foreign investment. Industrial growth was very high during the period 1992-97 in the enthusiasm of reforms. However, there was a significant slowdown during 1997-2002. As tariffs were reduced, import controls were lifted, and domestic competitive threats emerged at the same time, the initial protective effects of the devaluation of 1991 wore off and the Indian corporate sector, particularly in manufacturing, found itself in difficulty. The Indian corporate sector was therefore in the throes of significant technical restructuring, business process restructuring and financial restructuring, all at the same time. Though this process resulted in an industrial slowdown then, it has contributed to the industrial competitiveness that is now observed. There is a revival of manufacturing. Trade liberalisation and tariff reforms have provided increased access to Indian companies to the best inputs available globally at almost world prices. On the other hand, the gradual opening has enabled Indian companies to adjust adequately to be able to compete in world markets and with imports in the domestic economy. Indian Industry very soon adapted to the changes restructuring itself to meet the new challenges. Technology transfer and exposure from foreign nations improved the competiveness of the Indian industry. Foreign investments have come in various sectors and there has been a good growth in the standard of living, per capital income and Gross Domestic Product. The manufacturing sector is growing at a heartening rate. But it is the services sector which has shown the greatest growth and it grew in such a way that it now contributes more that 50% of India’s GDP. Software services along with the export of products is growing at a massive pace and thereby witnessed an unprecedented rise of 35. 5 percent and reached an amount of $ 18 billion in the period 2006-07. The Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sectors grew by 33. 5 percent and earned a revenue of $8. 4 billion. The service sector has also been focusing in various investments of late. As more liberalisation is being expected in the India economy, sectors like banking are on its way to loom large and occupy a more significant position in Indias economy. Along with the high rates of growth, employment opportunities have also increased. India is now a preferred destination for Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). India is now strong in telecommunication, Information Technology and other significant areas such as automobiles, auto components, chemicals, apparels, pharmaceuticals, and jewellery. Savings and investment rates have also dramatically increased. Imports and exports have increased considerably. India’s foreign exchange reserves now stand at about $295 billion. The growth rate now stands at about 8% and is stated to reach 10% and above in the next few years. Indian economy is now the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and fourth largest by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Top 10 economies as of 2001| GDP PPP (International Billion dollars)| | 2001| 1980| | GDP| Rank| GDP| Rank| USA| 9792| 1| 2957| 1| China | 5111| 2| 421| 9| Japan| 3193| 3| 1085| 2| India | 2930| 4| 529| 5| Germany | 2057| 5| 803| 3| Italy | 1430| 6| 544| 4| UK | 1420| 7| 498| 7| France | 1420| 8| 518| 6| Brazil | 1269| 9| 467| 8| Canada| 843| 10| 274| 11| Select Indicators of Indias progress| | | | | | | Year| Per Capita Income (at 1993-94 prices in Rs)| Poverty (%)| Literacy (%)| Life Expectancy (Years)| Power Capacity (MW)| 1951| 3,687| 45| 18| 32| 1,362| 1961| 4,429| 45| 28| 41| 4,653| 1971| 5,002| 52| 34| 46| 14,709| 1981| 5,352| 43| 44| 50| 30,214| 1991| 7,321| 35| 52| 59| 64,000| 2001| 10,308| 26| 65| 65| 1,02,000| 2005| 12,414| 20| 68| 67| 1,18,419| The poverty rate has consistently declined. But this decline has not been accompanied by an improvement in the measures of social well-being. Inequality has increased during the post-reform period. There is a general feeling that the rich is getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. The rich-poor gap is growing and immediate steps have to be taken to address this problem. The situation of 80% of the nation’s wealth being in the hands of 20% of the population should be rectified and more equitable distribution ensured. Inclusive growth is the key to sustainable economic development. The post-reform period has not seen much efforts directed in this regard. Hence more efforts have to be made to ensure inclusive growth. Inflation has reached record levels during the post reform period, especially food inflation which is going up to alarming levels. While the service sector showed high growth, agriculture has witnessed stagnation in growth. In recent years the agricultural sector is showing declining levels of growth which needs to be taken seriously. Productivity is coming down. Irrigation and other facilities have not improved and there is still a dependence on the monsoons. Even the economy’s performance is still dependent on the monsoons which should throw light on the importance of the agricultural sector. Improved agricultural performance is not only important for sustaining economic growth but also for maintaining low and stable inflation levels. Volatile agricultural production and lower food stocks internationally are beginning to raise growing concerns about rising food prices influencing overall inflation both globally and in India. In the medium term, therefore, efforts would have to be directed towards not only improving the crop yields but also putting in place a market driven incentive system for agricultural crops for a practical solution to address the demand-supply mismatches and tackle food inflation. Sustained improvement in crop yields requires an enhanced focus on the revitalisation of agricultural research, developmental extension. Food security is an essential factor for the sustained development of an emerging economy like India. Hence the government should take the necessary steps in this regard to revive the agricultural sector which is now contributing about 18% of India’s GDP. The government must take all necessary steps to ensure that the impressive growth that we are now witnessing since the introduction of economic reforms is reaching down to all sections of the society including the poor. As of now growth has not led to equality. This problem should be addressed as soon as possible. Since many of the unfavourable factors both internal and external have now either gone or significant reduced, India should try to improve its efficiency in utilising its resources to realise its full potential in order to make a significant impact on poverty reduction, realise inclusive growth thereby ensuring sustained economic development.

Judith Not Wright essays

Judith Not Wright essays Judith Wright is a respected Australian poet is also known as a conservationist and protester. Her poetry has captured the most amazing imagery of Australian Culture. For Australian students to understand their own culture and history it is necessary to study the best poetry and Judith Wrights poetry is definitely some of the best. Her achievement in translating the Australian experience into poetry led in her best work to a rich inheritance of lyricism and directness. Through stories told by older workers on the property she learnt of the pioneers' part in both the destruction of the land and the dispossession and murder of the aboriginal people. The sense of fear she felt at invasion enabled her to understand, at some level, how the Aborigines would have felt. Judith Wright wrote about many things in her poems, which are necessary for Australian students to be taught which apply to learning about Australia. Australian culture is something Judith wrote about very strongly and this shows through her poem Bora Ring. Bora Ring is about the Aborigine culture and how it has been lost by the invasion of Europeans. The hunter is gone: the spear is splintered underground; the painted bodies a dream the world breathed sleeping and forgot. This is an incredible paragraph extracted from Bora Ring. This poem depicts perfectly of the European invasion of Australia. It shows how the traditions and stories are gone, how the hunting and rituals are gone and lost in an alien tale, the Europeans being the aliens. This poem also describes that it seemed as if the tradition of Aborigines was breathed sleeping and forgot. These are powerful words Judith Wright used to show how they Aborigines were quickly invaded and forgotten. This poem is an excellent example of why Australian students should study her poetry. Australian relationships are depicted per ...

Creating film script by myself (This is not an essay) Essay

Creating film script by myself (This is not an ) - Essay Example It was the phone ringing. Jessie stands up and walks to the corner of the room where a black phone is kept by the side. She picks up and answers The room is a huge platform which has a lot of seats for the proceedings to be witnessed by people. Brown chairs with windows on all the sides, sunlight is visible all over the room. The magistrate is seated in front of a huge green desk wearing glasses and reading a notepad. Officers in blue dress are seen to be standing in front of two large boxes where people can stand and testify. Two tables are kept in front of the huge desk of the magistrate where the defense attorney and the state attorney would take their seats. Jessie and Jones walk up to the chairs and have a seat so that the proceedings can begin. All the evidence is pointing towards the fact that Mrs Craig was the only one present at the crime scene. Do I have the permission of calling a security guard who is always present outside the home of Mrs Craig your honor? You may leave. Your honor as per my information Mr Craig was working in the real estate business and was involved with a bunch of property dealers who could be wanting his death. May I call upon his real close friend

Men and Their Role in the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Men and Their Role in the Society - Essay Example Nobody can take that right away. It is the mother who gives protection for the initial nine months to the divine creative force of the future-male or female! A female child is victimized at every step of life, from the moment of birth, notwithstanding the fact that it is she who sacrifices at those steps. Women need to be the spiritual and legal equals of men. In my essay, I am going to argue that women not equal, but more equal than men and the scale of social justice should weigh in favor of the female gender. What stand women need to take if she is placed in circumstances totally unfavorable to her in life-situations? Ask Janie Crawford in the novel, â€Å"Their eyes were Watching God.† She lived her life in its trials, tribulations, duty, and beauty! She carried on with the firm conviction - it is better to deserve without receiving than to receive without deserving! Her character is introduced thus: â€Å"But for most black women readers discovering â€Å"Their eyes were Watching God,† for the first time, what was compelling was the figure of Janie Crawford - powerful, articulate, self-reliant, and radically different from any women character they had ever before encountered in literature.†(Foreword. xi) To Janie, empowerment of black women is not a concession; it is her birthright. Notwithstanding her remarkable achievements in literature, by 1950s, she was almost living in incognito, working as a maid in a Florida Hotel. That must have made her remain in constant touch with the ground realities of the people in general, and gave her time to think about the common man. She has her own style of depicting black-white relationships. This particular novel â€Å"affirms black cultural traditions while revising them to empower black women.† (p.xii)The greatest tribute to her and her themes in the novel comes from Alice Walker.

Popular Culture and Contemporary Communication Essay

Popular Culture and Contemporary Communication - Essay Example It also brings the idea of culture development among fans as a result of their beliefs and views of their celebrities. The question is whether these artists and designers or rather celebrities afford not to understand the productive nature fan culture in their societies and careers or not. This essay will look into the lucid analysis of the essay question with reference to various available literary sources. To begin with, the term celebrity comes from the French word, ‘celebre’ with a meaning of well known in the public arena. In English terms, it is a synonym or related to words such as being thronged or fame. Fandom, which refers to a collection of fans, plays a significant role in the link between celebrity and the public. There are reasons behind the connection between celebrities and their fans. Duchesne Scott interprets the convergence of celebrity and fan at fantasy and fiction conventions in various ways. He interprets it as a 21st century spiritual pilgrimage, nerd tourism in its unique form, or simply an amalgam or, a combination of the three. He goes ahead to state that synergy is the fundamental or the basis of the relationship between fans and celebrities at events like that. Synergy originates from the Greek word, â€Å"Sunergia† meaning cooperation or â€Å"Sunergos† meaning working together1. ... In addition, the convention also represents corporate synergy. This happens when celebrity and fans interact as sellers and buyers negotiating revenues and costs to attain a mutually satisfactory economic profit. Henry Jenkins’ book â€Å"Convergence Culture†, tells more about fan culture. Henry argues that the current mass media and technology has taken a step and moved to a more practical and participatory convergence culture where the traditional or the default flow from producer to consumer has been interfered with. He argues that currently the consumer has become the producer and created the media which he or she wants and likes most. Convergence culture gives small communities around the world opportunities to gather concentrate on particular topics and as well as ensure the production of media and information among several things on this particular topic. Fans do take primary objects and texts and resources to develop on, build and have fun with. They do not simp ly consume the texts. They instead reread them as well as produce new culture from them. Typical popular examples of fan culture are Dr. Who and Star Trek. Henry goes ahead to state that fan culture has some five common and definite features: first, an individual who does appropriate a particular work, texts and practice related to fan objects2. Usually, these fan objects are reinterpreted in the lives of these individuals. The second characteristic is participation. There is always an openness of different people to participate at certain levels within the community. Normally, they get seriously inspired by it, thus they create events and write music about it. The third feature that Henry illustrate in the book is that of emotional